Design Principles and Development of Intelligent Instruments

The research and development of intelligent instruments is a relatively complicated process. In order to complete the function of the instrument, realize the indicator of the instrument, improve the efficiency of research and development, and obtain certain research benefits, it is necessary to follow the correct design principles and follow the scientific research procedures to develop intelligent instruments. The reliability of the instrument is the most prominent and the most important. Various measures should be taken to improve the reliability of the instrument, so as to ensure that the research and development of intelligent instruments is a relatively complicated process. In order to complete the function of the instrument, realize the indicator of the instrument, improve the efficiency of research and development, and obtain certain research benefits, it is necessary to follow the correct design principles and follow the scientific research procedures to develop intelligent instruments.　　The reliability of the instrument is the most prominent and the most important. Various measures should be taken to improve the reliability of the instrument, so as to ensure that the instrument can work stably for a long time.　　 First, hardware: The quality of the equipment used in the instrument and the structure and technology of the instrument are important factors that affect the reliability. Therefore, the components should be selected reasonably and the method of testing under extreme conditions should be used. The so-called reasonable selection of components means that there should be a certain margin for the load, speed, power consumption, working environment and other technical parameters of the components during the design, and the components should be aged and screened. The test under extreme conditions means that during the development process, a prototype must withstand tests such as low temperature, high temperature, impact, vibration, interference, smoke, etc., to ensure its adaptability to the environment.　　 Second, software: The modular design method is not only easy to program and debug, but also can reduce the software failure rate and improve the reliability of the software. At the same time, comprehensive testing of the software is also an important means of checking errors and troubleshooting.　　In the hardware or software design, the complicated and difficult to deal with are divided into several simpler and easy to deal with, and then solved one by one. The designer puts forward the overall task of the instrument design according to the instrument function and design requirements, and draws the overall block diagram of the hardware and software (overall design). Then the task is divided into a batch of subtasks that can be independently characterized. These subtasks can be further divided down until each low-level subtask is simple enough to be directly and easily implemented. These low-level subtasks can use some general-purpose modules, and can be designed and debugged as separate entities, and can form higher-level modules with the lowest difficulty and the highest reliability.　　The cost of smart instruments depends on the development cost, production cost, and use cost. When designing, you should not blindly pursue complex and advanced solutions. On the premise of meeting performance indicators, simple and mature solutions should be adopted as much as possible, which means fewer components, convenient development, debugging, and production, and high reliability. As far as the first prototype is concerned, the main cost lies in system design, debugging and software development. The hardware cost of the prototype is not the main factor to consider.