Basic knowledge of electrostatic protection

1. Electrostatic protection terms and definitions 1. Static electricity: excess or insufficient static charge on the surface of an object 2. Electrostatic field: the electric field formed by static electricity around it 3. Electrostatic discharge: two objects with different electrostatic potentials, due to direct contact or Electrostatic field induction causes the transfer of electrostatic charge between two objects. After the energy of the electrostatic electric field reaches a certain level, it breaks down the medium and discharges it. 1. Electrostatic protection terms and definitions 1. Static electricity: excess or insufficient static charge on the surface of an object 2. Electrostatic field: the electric field formed by static electricity around it 3. Electrostatic discharge: Two objects with different electrostatic potentials, due to direct contact or electrostatic field induction, cause the transfer of electrostatic charges between the two objects. After the energy of the electrostatic electric field reaches a certain level, the phenomenon of breaking down the medium and discharging is electrostatic discharge. 4. Electrostatic sensitivity: the electrostatic discharge voltage that the components can withstand 5. Electrostatic sensitive devices: devices sensitive to electrostatic discharge 6. Grounding: electrical connection to objects that can supply or receive a large amount of electric charge, such as the earth, boats, etc. 7 .Neutralization: Use the opposite charge to make static electricity disappear. 8. Anti-static work area: equipped with various anti-static equipment and equipment, which can limit the electrostatic potential, has a clear area boundary and a specially marked work site suitable for electrostatic protection operations. 2. The generation of static electricity 1. Friction: In daily life, any two objects of different materials contact and then separate, and then static electricity can be generated. The most common way to generate static electricity is to generate electricity by friction. The better the insulation of the material, the easier it is to generate electricity by friction. In addition, any two objects with different substances can be separated after contacting, and static electricity can also be generated;. 2. Induction: For conductive materials, because electrons can flow freely on its surface, if it is placed in an electric field, the positive and negative electrons will be transferred due to the repulsion of the same sex and the attraction of the opposite sex. 3. Conduction: For conductive materials, because electrons can flow freely on its surface, such as contact with a charged object, charge transfer will occur. 3. The impact of static electricity on the electronics industry. The circuit of integrated circuit components is reduced, the withstand voltage is reduced, and the circuit area is reduced, which makes the device's ability to withstand electrostatic shocks weakened. The electrostatic field (StaticElectricField) and electrostatic current (ESDcurrent) have become these high-density elements. The deadly killer of devices. At the same time, the widespread application of a large number of plastic products and other high-insulation materials has greatly increased the chance of generating static electricity. Static electricity can be generated in daily life such as walking, air movement, and transportation. People generally think that only CMOS-type wafers are sensitive to static electricity. In fact, highly integrated components and circuits are very sensitive. A. The impact of static electricity on electronic components a. Static electricity absorbs dust, changes the impedance between the lines, and affects the function and life of the product. b. Due to the electric field or current destroying the insulation or conductor of the component, the component cannot work (completely destroyed). c. Due to the heat generated by the instant electric field or current, the component is injured, but it can still work and its life is damaged. B. Characteristics of electrostatic damage: 1. Hidden human body cannot directly perceive static electricity, unless electrostatic discharge occurs, but if electrostatic discharge occurs, the human body may not be able to feel an electric shock. This is because the electrostatic discharge voltage sensed by the human body is 2-3KV. 2. Latentness Some electronic components have no obvious performance decline after being damaged by static electricity, but multiple cumulative discharges will cause internal damage to the device and form a hidden danger, and increase the sensitivity of the device to static electricity. There is no cure for the problems that have occurred. 3. Under what circumstances will random electronic components suffer electrostatic damage? It can be said that all the processes from after a component is produced to before it is damaged are threatened by static electricity, and the generation of these static electricity is also random. Since the generation and discharge of static electricity occur instantaneously, it is difficult to predict and protect. 4. Complicated electrostatic discharge damage sub-board work is time-consuming, laborious, and costly due to the fine and small structural characteristics of electronic products. More complex technologies often require the use of precision instruments such as scanning electron microscopes. Even so, there are some electrostatic damage phenomena. It is difficult to distinguish from damage caused by other reasons, which makes people mistakenly regard electrostatic damage failure as other failures. This is because before the full understanding of electrostatic discharge damage, it is often attributed to early failure or failure with unknown conditions, which unconsciously covers up. The real reason for the failure. 5. Severe ESD problems seem to only affect users of finished products, but in fact they also affect manufacturers at all levels, such as: warranty fees, maintenance, and company reputation.